划片刀配方对砷化镓晶圆切割崩裂的影响

利用试验设计方法(design of experiment, DOE)，以不同配方的划片刀划切砷化镓晶圆，并检测其正、背、侧面的崩裂尺寸，找出划片刀配方对砷化镓晶圆切割崩裂尺寸的影响规律。研究表明:划片刀的磨料粒度与砷化镓晶圆切割质量密切相关，即磨料粒度越细，正、背、侧面崩裂尺寸越小；而磨料浓度和结合剂强度与砷化镓晶圆正、背、侧面的切割质量相关性并不显著。可通过缩小磨粒尺寸的方式提高划切质量，并视情况调整磨料浓度和结合剂强度。      

数字化射线检测技术在船舶领域的应用

随着数字射线检测技术的不断发展,CR与DR数字射线检测技术以其检测灵敏度高、检测速度快及底片数据电子化存储等优势越来越广泛地应用于各行业中。针对船舶行业射线检测的主要检测对象(钢板对接焊缝、管路对接焊缝),开展了CR数字射线检测技术等价性评价、典型裂纹试验,以及基于不同种类射线装置的DR数字射线检测工艺试验,验证了数字化射线检测技术在船舶领域应用的适用性。     

Ferroelastic domain switching and R-curve behavior in lead zirconate titanate (Zr/Ti = 52/48)-based ferroelectric ceramics

In this work, ferroelastic domain switching and R-curve behavior in lead zirconate titanate (Nb/Ce co-doped Pb(Zr_0.52Ti_0.48)O₃, ab. PZT-NC)-based ferroelectric ceramics were investigated, using the indentation-strength-in-bending (ISB) method. Firstly, Vickers indentation test examined the notable fracture anisotropy of PZT-NC ceramics between the poling direction and its perpendicular direction, and the crack open displacement (COD) profiles in the two directions were also theoretically calculated from the indentation fracture mechanics. And then two kinds of ferroelastic domain switching modes (in-plane and out-of-plane) were used for explaining such anisotropic propagation behavior of indentation cracks. The subsequent three-point bending test illustrated the dependence of fracture strength on indentation load and the rising crack growth resistance curves (R-curves) in two directions. The resulted R-curves were fitted by the Hill's type Growth Function successfully, giving the reasonable values of crack extension exponential (n), plateau fracture toughness (K_max), and initial fracture toughness (K_ini). The in-plane ferroelastic domain switching was identified as a more significant toughening mechanism for PZT-NC ceramics than the out-of-plane switching due to more switchable domains.     

ZKB型直线振动筛侧板裂纹研究及寿命分析

为了解直线振动筛侧板裂纹的综合性能,首先对侧板进行静力学分析得到侧板危险区域。其次对该区域进行裂纹布置,应用断裂力学理论对振动筛侧板进行应力强度因子的计算,分析侧板危险区域裂纹扩展特性,同时针对不同形状、大小的裂纹进行参数分析,得到振动筛侧板裂纹扩展规律。最后对侧板进行疲劳寿命计算,得到含初始裂纹处侧板的疲劳寿命及安全系数,为侧板的设计优化提供理论指导。     

AISI8630钢泥浆泵排出缸失效分析及工艺改进

针对AISI8630钢锻件在实际生产中出现的锻造失效问题进行了研究。采用"EAF→LF→VD→铸锭"工艺冶炼AISI8630钢锭,钢锭锻造成泥浆泵锻件,经热处理加工后探伤发现密集性缺陷。通过化学成分、低倍分析和金相显微分析,对产生的缺陷进行分析研究。结果表明:宏观检测受检面有许多裂纹,将裂纹打开,发现断口存在明显的白点缺陷;近裂纹附近有灰色硫化物夹杂,存在明显的组织偏析现象,远离裂纹处的金相组织无明显差异。通过加强冶炼过程控制,对钢锭进行锻前消氢、消应力退火及锻后250℃以下缓冷处理等工艺优化,避免了白点缺陷的形成,并经现场验证得到合格产品。     

列车车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳研究进展

随着高速与重载铁路的发展,车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤问题变得更加显著,不仅影响乘车舒适度,增加维护成本,还会直接危害行车安全,目前尚无根本的解决办法。对国内外车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的形成机理、研究方法及影响因素进行了归纳总结。车轮滚动接触疲劳损伤形式有很多,根据疲劳裂纹在踏面下方萌生位置的不同,将踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤分为表面滚动接触疲劳、次表面滚动接触疲劳和较深层次滚动接触疲劳。随着冶金和车轮制造技术的提高,由低周疲劳或棘轮效应造成的表面滚动接触疲劳损伤成为主要的疲劳损伤类型。车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的研究方法主要包括现场调研、数值仿真和试验研究。结合已有研究成果,主要从车轮材料、车轮既有损伤、线路条件、列车运行参数、轮轨间第三介质等方面对踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的影响因素进行了总结,并进一步提出了减缓踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤的具体措施。此外,探讨了车轮踏面滚动接触疲劳损伤未来的研究方向。     

核电主管道锻件心部裂纹缺陷性质分析

核电主管道锻造毛坯在中心棒套料加工过程中发现中心棒的一段出现裂纹,并伴有大量碎块。对中心棒及碎块金属进行化学成分分析、低倍、高倍检验和能谱分析,并采用Jmatpro对316LN钢平衡析出相进行了计算。结果表明,裂纹区域存在的大量条状和粒状α-Cr析出相导致局部塑性降低,变形不协调,在锻造过程中形成了裂纹。     

渗铝钢渗铝层中孔隙及裂纹对其耐高温SO2腐蚀性能的影响

研究了热浸渗铝工艺参数及铝液中添加合金元素对渗铝钢渗铝层孔隙及裂纹的影响,并对不同孔隙的渗铝层进行了SO2气氛腐蚀试验。结果表明:裂纹随扩散工艺条件的改变,变化不明显;在渗铝液中添加w(Cr)1.5%或w(Ce)0.5%,在850~950℃的扩散温度,渗铝层的孔隙达到标准1~3级合格要求;在φ(N2)80%,φ(O2)10%,φ(SO2)10%气氛中,600℃恒温条件下腐蚀168 h,渗铝层孔隙稍有增加,950℃扩散的渗铝层耐SO2腐蚀性能好,加Ce渗铝层耐腐蚀性能最优。     

Large-scale laboratory study on the evolution law of temperature fields in the context of underground coal gasification

This article presents the evolution law of temperature fields in a large-scale laboratory Underground Coal Gasification reactions using Ulanqab lignite under actual conditions. The results show that in the cultivation stage of oxidation zone, the main direction of the temperature field expansion is consistent with the crack direction of the coal seam. In the gasification stabilization stage, the main direction of the temperature field expansion is along the channel. The temperature of the coal seam and the overlying rock mass at its interface with the furnace directly above the gasification channel is equivalent to that of the coal seam temperature, and this temperature is much greater than the temperatures observed near both side walls of the gasification channel at the interface. However, temperatures perpendicular to the axis of the gasification channel are similar at a vertical distance of 40 cm away from the interface. The temperature distributions indicate that the transmission of heat through the overlying rock mass is more rapid in the vertical direction than in the horizontal direction. Moreover, some degree of thermal dispersion is observed in the vertical direction near the outlet. The thermal dispersion coefficient is 0.72 and dispersion angle γ is 78.7°.     

热挤压成形GH3625合金管材组织及裂纹形成机理

通过对比热挤压成形管材和爆裂管材的组织以及对爆裂管材裂纹和断口的分析,研究了热挤压成形GH3625合金管材的组织及裂纹形成机理。结果表明:爆裂管材与成形管材的组织均为等轴晶,但爆裂管材的开裂使晶界处的应力集中得以释放,其组织中并没有形成变形孪晶,在管材径向方向上也不存在晶粒尺寸不均匀的现象。挤压比过高导致管材在热挤压过程中绝热升温严重,使低熔点的Laves相熔化并扩散到周围基体中,是裂纹形成的根本原因。在模具出口处高拉应力的作用下,这些裂纹不断扩展最终连接在一起,导致管材的爆裂现象。由于断口表面冷却速率较高,组织通过奥氏体区的时间较短,再结晶形核核心多且晶粒长大过程受阻,使断口表面形成了一层十分细小的再结晶晶粒。